Industries in India may be classified as follows: 1. capital and labour employed, 2. nature of raw materials used, 3. sources of raw materials, and 4. nature of ownership of industrial organization.
Classification
of Indian industries
Industries
in India may be classified as follows:
1. capital and labour employed,
2. nature of raw materials used,
3. sources of raw materials, and
4. nature of ownership of
industrial organization.
1. Classification
based on capital and labour employed:
(a) Large Scale
Industries:
(b) Small Scale
Industries:
2. Classification
Based on nature of raw materials used:
(a) Heavy
Industries:
(b) Light
Industries:
3. Classification
Based on source of raw materials used:
(a) Agro-based
industries:
(b) Mineral based
industries:
4. Classification
based on the nature of ownership of organizations:
(a) Public Sector
industries (organization):
(b) Private Sector
Industries:
(c) Joint Sector
Industries:
(d) Co-operative
Sector industries:
1.
Classification based on capital and labour employed:
Capital
and labour employed is one of the characteristics through which Indian
industries can be classified into Large Scale industries, Small Scale
Industries and Cottage industries.
(a) Large Scale
Industries:
The
industries that require huge amount of capital investment for setting up and
large human resources to manage their operations are called Large Scale
industries. These industries manufacture their products in large scale. Iron
and steel industry, Cement industry, Aluminium industry are good examples for
large-scale industries. Large-scale industries get the benefit of economies of
scale.
(b) Small Scale
Industries:
The
industries that require small amount of capital investment for setting up and
can be managed by a small group of people are called Small Scale Industries.
These industries manufacture their products in small scale. Packaging industry,
mineral water industry, ancillary industries are good examples for small scale
industries. Small-scale industries do not get the benefit of economies of
scale.
The
industries that are carried on by the members of the same family either wholly
or partly with the help of friends are called cottage industries. Cottage
industries are labour intensive and traditional industries. These industries
require less investment. The expertise involved in the manufacturing is passed
on to the generation to generation. Coir making, mat-weaving, pottery and
carpentry are examples for the cottage industries. The raw materials required
for these industries such as fibres, clayey or alluvial soil are available in
villages of India. For these reasons, cottage industries are localised in the
villages.
2.
Classification Based on nature of raw materials used:
Nature
of raw materials used is another characteristic through which industries in
India can be classified. Based on the different type of raw materials,
industries in India can be classified into Heavy industries and Light
industries.
(a) Heavy
Industries:
The
industries that require heavy and bulky raw materials and manufacture heavy and
bulky products are called heavy industries. These industries manufacture their
product on a large scale. Iron and steel industries, Automobile industries,
power equipment manufacturing industries are examples for heavy industry.
Products of these industries are more valuable and have more utility.
(b) Light
Industries:
The
industries that require light (weightless or delicate) raw materials and
manufacture light products are called light industries. These industries
manufacture their products in large scale. Consumer durable industries,
electrical equipment industry, Drug industries are good examples for light
industries. Products of these industries have less cost and more utility.
3.
Classification Based on source of raw materials used:
Industries
in India can also be classified based on the source of raw materials supplied.
They are Agro-based industries and Mineral-based industries.
(a) Agro-based
industries:
The
industries that source their raw materials from agriculture are called
agro-based industries. Cotton textile industry, jute industry, sugar industry,
paper manufacturing industry, silk industry, and edible oil industries are
examples for agro-based industries.
(b) Mineral
based industries:
The
industries that source their raw materials from mines such as coal mine and
iron mines are called mineral industries. Iron and steel industry, coal
industry, copper industry, and aluminium industry are examples for
mineral-based industries.
4.
Classification based on the nature of ownership of organizations:
There
are four types of industries based on the nature of ownership of the
organization. They are, Public Sector Industries, Private Sector Industries,
Joint Sector Industries and Co-operative Sector Industry. Based on the
ownership of industrial organization, industries in India can be clan Author
into-
1.
Public Sector industries, Eg., Hindustan Machine Tools.
2.
Private Sector industries, Eg., Reliance Industries Ltd.
3.
Joint Sector industries, Eg., Vidhesh Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
4.
Cooperative Sector industry, Eg., Anand Dairy Development Board.
(a) Public
Sector industries (organization):
The
industries that are owned and operated by government are termed public sector
industries. The main motive of these industries is to provide service to the
people. Steel Authority of India, Bharat Sanchar Nigam and Oil and Natural Gas
Commission are public sector organizations.
(b) Private
Sector Industries:
The
industries that are owned and operated by private entrepreneurs are termed as
private sector industries. The main motive of these industries is to earn
profit from their operations. Bajaj Auto Limited, Reliance Industries and Tata
Iron and Steel Company are private sector organizations.
(c) Joint Sector
Industries:
The
industries that are owned and operated jointly by private as well as government
organizations or agencies are termed as joint sector industries. Gujarat
Alkalis Limited, Videsh Sanchar Nigam, Oil India Limited are joint sector
organizations. Joint sector organizations work based on the principle of
Public-Private partnership.
(d) Co-operative
Sector industries:
The
industries that are owned and operated by a group of people, who are generally
producers of raw materials used in the industry, are termed as co-operative
sector industries. Anand Dairy Development Board is a good example for
co-operative sector industries. Co-operative sector industries work based on
the principle of mutual help and co-operation.
Agriculture and Industries of India : Tag: Industries of India : - Classification of Indian industries